The items for the JCQ 2

The 69 items for the JCQ 2.0 pilot study on Korean subway workers (suggested by the JCQ control, demand, and support committees)

January, 26, 2005

Skill Discretion [SD] – 8 items
Task-level Decision Authority [DA] – 4 items
Organizational Level Decision Latitude [MD] – 8 items
Quantitative Psychological Demands [PDQ] – 6 items
Emotional Demands [PDE] – 3 items
Emotional Labor Scale [ELS] – 2 items
Emotional Demands Indicator [EDI] – 3 items
Family Stress – 1 item
Work/Family Conflict – 1 item
Supervisor Support [SS] - 2 items
Coworker Support [CS] - 2 items
Collective Control Scale (or Work Group Solidarity Indicator) [CC] – 4 items
Procedural Justice [PJ] - 4 items
Perceived Organizational Support [PO] - 4 items
Physical Demands [PhyD] - 5 items
Job Insecurity [JI] - 6 items
Negative Emotion Scale[NE]- 6 items

Skill Discretion [SD]

(7 core JCQ items PLUS ONE NEW ITEM: 8 ITEMS)

1. SD- Q3: learn new
2. SD- Q4: repetitive
3. SD- Q5: creative
4. SD- Q7: high skill level
5. SD- Q9: variety
6. SD- Q11: developmental
7. SD IV-5: skill required on job
8. NEW: On my job, many activities occur which last shorter than 3 minutes.

Task-level Decision Authority [DA]

(3 core JCQ items PLUS ONE NEW ITEM: 4 ITEMS)
9. DA- Q10: lot of say
10. DA- Q6: allows own decisions
11. DA- Q8: little decision freedom
12. NEW: I have to continually do what others in charge tell me to do.

Organizational Level Decision Latitude [MD]

(4 core JCQ item, 1 modified JCQ item, PLUS 3 NEW ITEMS: 8 ITEMS)

13. MD-NEW: I have some influence over the organizational changes occurring in my workplace, such as restructuring, downsizing and layoffs.
14. MD-Modified Q13a: I have significant influence over decisions made by my work team or department.
15. MD-NEW: There are regular meetings of my work team/department to discuss and decide upon issues such as work planning, restructuring, and staffing.
16. MD-Q15: I supervise people as part of my job.

17. MD-NEW: There is a union in my workplace: Yes (2) No (1)
18. MD-Q16: I am a member of a union: Yes (2) No (1)
19. MD-Q17: My union is influential in affecting my employer's policies.
20. MD-Q18: I have influence over the policies of my union.

Quantitative Psychological Demands [PDQ]

(5 core JCQ items, PLUS ONE NEW ITEM: 6 ITEMS)

21. PD1- Q19: work hard
22. PD1- Q20: work fast
23. PD1- Q22: no excessive work
24. PD1- Q23: enough time

25. PD1- Q26: conflicting demands
26. PD1-NEW: I can take it easy and still do my work.

Emotional Demands [PDE]

(3 NEW ITEMS: 3 ITEMS)

27. PD2-NEW: My work is emotionally demanding.

28. PD2-NEW: My work requires a lot of negotiation with others.

29. PD2-NEW: My work requires suppressing my genuine emotion.

Emotional Labor Scale [ELS]

(2 NEW ITEMS: 2 ITEMS)

30. ELS-NEW: I have to act the way people think a person in my job should act.

31. ELS-NEW: I want my customers and colleagues to think I'm always able to handle things.

Emotional Demands Indicator [EDI]

(3 NEW ITEMS: 3 ITEMS)

32. EDI-NEW: My ability to care is used up by the end of the day.

33. EDI-NEW: In this job I give it all and there’s nothing left at the end of the day.

34. EDI-NEW: This job requires constant relating to people who need my services.

Family Stress (ONE NEW ITEM: 1 ITEM)

35. NEW: My responsibilities for taking care of my home and family are often stressful.

Work/Family Conflict (ONE NEW ITEM: 1 ITEM)

36. NEW: My job and my family life often interfere with each.

Supervisor Support [SS] (2 core items: 2 ITEMS)
37. SS- Q48-Supervisor is concerned
38. SS- Q51-Supervisor helpful

Coworker Support [CS] (2 core items: 2 ITEMS)
39. CS- Q58-Coworkers helpful
40. CS- Q56-Friendly coworkers

Collective Control Scale (or Work Group Solidarity Indicator) [CC]

(4 NEW ITEMS: 4 ITEMS)

41. CC-NEW: In my work group, we try to share equally in the hardships of the job.

42. CC-NEW: We all pitch in and help if anyone needs a hand.

43. CC-NEW: In my work group, when problems arise we work together as a group to solve them.

44. CC-NEW: There is a feeling of unity among those I work with.

Procedural Justice [PJ] (4 NEW ITEMS: 4 ITEMS)

45. PJ-NEW: In my company or agency, procedures are designed to hear the concerns of all those affected by the decision.

46. PJ-NEW: In my company or agency, procedures are designed to collect accurate information necessary for making decisions.

47. PJ-NEW: In my company or agency, procedures are designed to provide opportunities to appeal or challenge the decision.

48. PJ-NEW: In my company or agency, procedures are designed to generate standards so that decisions can be made with consistency.

Perceived Organizational Support [PO] (4 NEW ITEMS: 4 ITEMS)

49. PO-NEW: My organization cares about my opinions.

50. PO-NEW: My organization really cares about my well-being.

51. PO-NEW: My organization strongly considers my goals and values.

52. PO-NEW: My organization shows very little concern for me.

Physical Demands [PhyD] (5 Core Items: 5 ITEMS)

53. PhyD- Q21 –much physical effort
54. PhyD- Q25 -rapid physical activity
55. PhyD- Q24 -lift heavy loads
56. PhyD- Q30 -awkward body position
57. PhyD- Q31 -awkward upper body position

Job Insecurity [JI] (6 Core Items: 6 ITEMS)
58. JI- Q33: Steady work
59. JI- Q34: Job security
60. JI- Q35: Recent layoff
61. JI- Q36: Future layoff
62. JI- Q37: your skills outlook, this region
63. JI- Q38: harder to keep my job/ -5 yrs

Negative Emotion Scale [NE] (6 core dependent items: 6 ITEMS)

64. Supplement II Q1. I felt depressed.

65. Supplement II Q3: My sleep was restless.

66. Supplement II Q7. I enjoyed life.

67. Supplement II Q13. I felt nervous or shaky inside.

68. Supplement II Q15. I was unusually tired in the morning.

69. Supplement II Q16. At the end of the day, I am completely exhausted mentally and physically

Appendix I: A Possible Design Example for the JCQ 2.0 (Robert Karasek, 10-2004) on the JCQ Center website (http://www.jcqcenter.org) and Karasek’s decisions on Jan.26

For research purposes we need some comparability with the existing scales: so with two very minor modifications, I have retained the old forms of PD and DL for this.

Drop the following five questions in the emotional demands area. Both Jeff and Norito note this is an over-focus on care workers issues, and we have more questions of this type than we told Sung-il we would include.
    a. drop - interfere redundant with work/family conflict
    b. drop - unfelt: redundant with #31
    c. drop - concerned: too many q's for care worker
    d. drop - calm: too many q's for care workers
    e. drop - nice: redundant, too many q's for care workers

Here are other modifications:

1. Change the response set of all the questions to the standard JCQ 4-level ("agree", etc). Jeff also suggested this. This does not work for one job insecurity question from the original JCQ.

2. Put back "conflicting demands" into the psychological demands (quant.demands) scale. This will be for comparison purposes.

3. Return the question #26 on physical demands to it original form and re-include in physical demands scale.

4. Drop words in question #28: "on conflicting demands." after "negotiating with others." - broader coverage.

5. In question #33 replace "clients" with "customers and colleagues." - broader coverage.

6. Question #13: change "restructuring" to "reorganizations" - a bit broader and more neutral.   Add word: "some" before influence.

7. Add one new precarious employment question (special response set) - this could be in wages/hours section

    My employment contract is for:
    a. full time work, long term contract
    b. part time work, long term contract
    c. full time work, temporary contract
    d. part time work, temporary contract

8. Add a six question dependent variable negative emotions scale included the following questions. I would keep its special three-level response set, because of the infrequency - which must still be captured.

Appendix II: Contributions from Jeffrey Johnson, Paul Landsbergis, Nortio Kawakami, Bongkyoo Choi, 01-2005.

I. Follow Paul's suggestion from Jan 15th and Jan 24th (including retaining "repetitive work") - 8 questions (plus 1 item for job insecurity scale)

II. Follow Jeff's suggestion from Jan. 22th and Jan. 24th: (24 questions)

    a. Family Stress - 1

    b. Work/Family Conflict - 1

    c. Additional questions decision latitude scale - 2

    d. Emotional Labor Scale - 4

    e. Emotional Demands Indicator - 4

    f. Collective Control Scale - 4

    g. Procedural Justice - 4

    h. Perceived Organizational Support - 4

III. Nortito’s suggestions from Jan 16th and Jan. 24th (7 questions on job demands in addition to old four questions (PD1- Q19 -work hard, PD1- Q20 -work fast, PD1- Q22 -

No excessive work and 4. PD1- Q23 -enough time): (including BongKyoo's suggestion from Jan. 22th – 2 questions)

I. Paul’s suggestions (8 items plus 1 item)

Organizational Level Decision Latitude

1. I have influence over the organizational changes occurring in my workplace, such as restructuring, downsizing and layoffs.
2. I have significant influence over decisions made by my work team or department.
3. There are regular meetings of my work team/department to discuss and decide upon issues such as work planning, restructuring, and staffing.
4. I supervise people as part of my job
5. There is a union in my workplace: Yes No
6. I am a member of a union: Yes No
7. My union is influential in affecting my employer's policies.
8. I have influence over the policies of my union.

Plus, one more question, which I felt should be included in the "job insecurity" module:
9. My prospects for career development and promotion are good.

II. Jeff’s suggestions (24 items)

Family Stress (single item) – goes well at end of demands scale

1. My responsibilities for taking care of my home and family are often stressful.

Work/Family Conflict (single item) – goes well at end of demands scale

1. My job and my family life often interfere with each.

Additional questions that could be added to the job decision latitude scale (task-level)

1. I have to continually do what others in charge tell me to do. – decision authority

2. On my job, many activities occur which last shorter than 3 minutes. – skill discretion

Emotional Labor Scale

1. I have to act the way people think a person in my job should act.

2. I want my clients to think I'm always able to handle things.

3. At work, I have to seem concerned even when I don't feel like it.

4. I want my clients to think that I'm always calm.

Emotional Demands Indicator

1. My ability to care is used up by the end of the day.

2. It’s hard to be nice so many hours every day.

3. In this job I give it all and there’s nothing left at the end of the day.

4. This job requires constant relating to people who need my services.

Collective Control Scale (or Work Group Solidarity Indicator)

1. In my work group, we try to share equally in the hardships of the job.

2. We all pitch in and help if anyone needs a hand.

3. In my work group, when problems arise we work together as a group to solve them.

4. There is a feeling of unity among those I work with.

Procedural Justice

1. Procedures are designed to hear the concerns of all those affected by the decision.

2. Procedures are designed to collect accurate information necessary for making decisions.

3. Procedures are designed to provide opportunities to appeal or challenge the decision.

4. Procedures are designed to generate standards so that decisions can be made with consistency.

Perceived Organizational Support

1. My organization cares about my opinions.

2. My organization really cares about my well-being.

3. My organization strongly considers my goals and values.

4. My organization shows very little concern for me.

III. Norito’s suggestions (7 items)

Additional Quantitative Psychological Demands (PDQ)

1. I can take it easy and still do my work.

2. My job requires engaging in lots of physical effort.

Emotional Demands (PDE)

1. My work is emotionally demanding.

2. My work requires a lot of negotiation with others on conflicting demands.

3. Emotional demands on my work interfere my family life.

Bongkyoo’s suggestions (two Emotional Labor items)

1. My work requires faking an unfelt emotion.

2. My work requires suppressing my genuine emotion.

Appendix I: A Possible Design Example for the JCQ 2.0 (Robert Karasek, 10-2004) on the JCQ Center website (http://www.jcqcenter.org) and comments/decisions (01-2005).

Drop the following five questions in the emotional demands area.

Both Jeff and Norito note this is an over-focus on care workers issues, and we have more questions of this type than we told Sung-il we would include (for detailed question, see Appendix II below).

    a. drop “interfere”: redundant with work/family conflict

    b. drop “unfelt”: redundant with “suppressed”

    c. drop “concerned”:  too many q's for care worker

    d. drop “calm” : too many q's for  care workers

    e. drop “nice”: redundant, too many q's for care workers

Add one new precarious employment question (special response set) - this could be in wages/hours section.

    My employment contract is for:

    a. full time work, long term contract

    b. part time work, long term contract

    c. full time work, temporary contract

    d. part time work, temporary contract

Add a six question dependent variable negative emotions scale included the following questions.  I would keep its special three-level response set, because of the infrequency - which must still be captured.

JCQ Supplement II Q1. I felt depressed.

JCQ Supplement II Q3: My sleep was restless.

JCQ Supplement II Q7. I enjoyed life.

JCQ Supplement II Q13. I felt nervous or shaky inside.

JCQ Supplement II Q15. I was unusually tired in the morning.

JCQ Supplement II Q16. At the end of the day, I am completely exhausted mentally and physically